While I was researching geothermal energy, I wondered if the deeper you go underground the hotter it gets, so the higher you go up in the sky the colder it gets. When I looked into it, I found that this is not the case. At about 10km above sea level, called the troposphere, the temperature drops to minus 50-60°C with altitude, and then up to 50km above sea level, called the stratosphere, it rises to 0°C. Then up to 80km above sea level, called the mesosphere, it drops to minus 90°C, and up to 500km above sea level, called the thermosphere, it rises to 1200°C-2000°C. So there are such high-temperature areas in the sky. Apparently the aurora occurs in the thermosphere.
https://www.bioweather.net/column/weather/
The thermosphere apparently becomes hot by absorbing electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet rays from the sun and the energy of electrons accelerated in the magnetosphere, but it is said that it does not feel hot because the air is so thin. It seems strange that the temperature on the surface of the earth remains within the range of about -50 to 50 degrees Celsius, even though it is sandwiched between 2000 degrees Celsius in the sky and 6000 degrees Celsius underground.
Also, body temperature, the heat emitted by mammals, seems to be around 37°C. There are various theories as to why it is at this temperature, but it is thought to be the temperature at which chemical reactions in the body become active and the temperature at which bacterial growth is easily prevented.
https://logmi.jp/knowledge_culture/culture/152712
While there are animals and plants whose body temperature is the same as the outside temperature, there are also exothermic plants. A plant whose flower temperature can be more than 0.5°C higher than the outside temperature is called an exothermic plant. There are species of Araceae plants whose temperature can rise by more than 20°C, and they use heat to spread scents, attract insects, and keep them warm. Controlling heat is an amazing thing.
https://katosei.jsbba.or.jp/view_html.php?aid=1471
The main sources of heat are thought to be heat from electromagnetic waves from the sun, heat from radioactive decay in the earth, heat from biological metabolism, and heat from combustion phenomena such as fire, but there are a few others as well.
Frictional heat caused by friction between objects is also one source of heat, and it is believed that the frictional heat of the atmosphere is what causes meteorites to burn up in mid-air and protect the Earth’s surface. Other sources of heat include Joule heat, which is generated when electricity from lightning or other sources flows through an object, and adiabatic heating, which occurs when moist air descends over a mountain, known as the Föhn effect.
I looked into various sources of heat on Earth, and I’m beginning to think that heat is activity itself. Heat is amazing. The Earth is amazing.
